HR processes and procedures extend beyond the HR department, impacting all people-related activities within a firm. The design of these processes requires collaboration between Operations and HR departments, aligning with top management philosophies and approved policies. HR professionals need to understand management theories and use suitable tools for analyzing the workforce. These tools, once customized and tested, should be presented to management, explaining their benefits. If the analysis reveals a mismatch between management processes and top management preferences or workforce characteristics, necessary adjustments should be made to the operations process.